[2026 常州期末]The freezing Antarctica, where temperatures can drop to $-60\ °\mathrm{C}$, is home to emperor penguins. These tall black-and-white birds weigh up to 45 kilograms. They have a special way to raise children: fathers warm eggs on their feet, while mothers walk a long way to find food. For hundreds of years, they lived well in this tough place. But now, their future is in danger. A study shows that their global number has dropped by 28% over the 20 years.
Global warming is their biggest threat(威胁). Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies. As the earth warms, sea ice melts earlier and freezes later. Baby penguins' feathers(羽毛) aren't waterproof yet, so their bodies can easily get wet—a problem that often leads them to freeze to death. Warmer oceans also make krill, their main food, die out, leaving it difficult for emperor penguins to survive.
The crisis(危机) of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem. If they disappear(消失), other animals like seals that need the same sea ice and food will also be in danger. What's worse, losing sea ice will make Antarctica even hotter. The situation of emperor penguins is a key sign of the environmental health of Antarctica.
Luckily, there are things we can do to save emperor penguins. The governments should make laws to cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放)—the main cause of rising temperatures. For us common people, we can take the bus or the underground instead of driving cars, and tell others about the emperor penguin crisis. Raising awareness can push for faster and better action.
(
A. They depend on cold sea ice to survive.
B. They build homes on land to protect themselves.
C. Mothers usually keep and look after their eggs.
D. They are over 45 kilograms and look colourful.
(
A. Baby penguins' feathers can't keep water out of their bodies.
B. Baby penguins' feathers can't take in water to protect their bodies.
C. Baby penguins' feathers can't make water stay on their bodies.
D. Baby penguins' feathers can't produce water to cool their bodies.
(
A. Melting sea ice is harmful to Antarctic animals like seals.
B. The danger faced by emperor penguins is a warning for the Antarctic ecosystem.
C. Global warming makes emperor penguins disappear fast.
D. Emperor penguins disappear faster than other sea animals.
(
A. Stop fishing in Antarctica.
B. Make laws to reduce gas emissions.
C. Drive cars more rather than take the bus. D. Share penguins' problems with more people.
(
A. Changing Climate in Antarctica
B. How to Protect Antarctic Animals
C. Krill: Tiny Food in Antarctica
D. Emperor Penguins: Fighting to Survive
Global warming is their biggest threat(威胁). Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies. As the earth warms, sea ice melts earlier and freezes later. Baby penguins' feathers(羽毛) aren't waterproof yet, so their bodies can easily get wet—a problem that often leads them to freeze to death. Warmer oceans also make krill, their main food, die out, leaving it difficult for emperor penguins to survive.
The crisis(危机) of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem. If they disappear(消失), other animals like seals that need the same sea ice and food will also be in danger. What's worse, losing sea ice will make Antarctica even hotter. The situation of emperor penguins is a key sign of the environmental health of Antarctica.
Luckily, there are things we can do to save emperor penguins. The governments should make laws to cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放)—the main cause of rising temperatures. For us common people, we can take the bus or the underground instead of driving cars, and tell others about the emperor penguin crisis. Raising awareness can push for faster and better action.
(
A
)1. What can we know about emperor penguins according to the passage?A. They depend on cold sea ice to survive.
B. They build homes on land to protect themselves.
C. Mothers usually keep and look after their eggs.
D. They are over 45 kilograms and look colourful.
(
A
)2. What does the underlined part "Baby penguins' feathers aren't waterproof yet" mean?A. Baby penguins' feathers can't keep water out of their bodies.
B. Baby penguins' feathers can't take in water to protect their bodies.
C. Baby penguins' feathers can't make water stay on their bodies.
D. Baby penguins' feathers can't produce water to cool their bodies.
(
B
)3. What's the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. Melting sea ice is harmful to Antarctic animals like seals.
B. The danger faced by emperor penguins is a warning for the Antarctic ecosystem.
C. Global warming makes emperor penguins disappear fast.
D. Emperor penguins disappear faster than other sea animals.
(
D
)4. How can common people help save emperor penguins according to the passage?A. Stop fishing in Antarctica.
B. Make laws to reduce gas emissions.
C. Drive cars more rather than take the bus. D. Share penguins' problems with more people.
(
D
)5. What is the best title for the passage?A. Changing Climate in Antarctica
B. How to Protect Antarctic Animals
C. Krill: Tiny Food in Antarctica
D. Emperor Penguins: Fighting to Survive
答案：1. A 细节理解题。根据"Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies."可知,帝企鹅依赖寒冷的海冰生存。
2. A 推理判断题。后半句说明企鹅宝宝的身体极易变湿,由此可推断,前半句的含义是企鹅宝宝的羽毛无法阻挡水进入它们的身体。
3. B 段落大意题。根据"The crisis of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem."可知,帝企鹅面临的危机不只是单一物种的消亡,更是对整个南极生态系统的警示。选项 B 精准概括了段落主旨。
4. D 细节理解题。根据"For us common people, we can take the bus or the underground instead of driving cars, and tell others about the emperor penguin crisis."可知,普通人可通过向更多人分享帝企鹅的困境,助力拯救它们。
5. D 标题归纳题。文章整体围绕帝企鹅因全球变暖面临生存威胁的困境,以及拯救措施展开,强调它们为生存而战。选项 D"帝企鹅:为生存而战"为最佳标题。
2. A 推理判断题。后半句说明企鹅宝宝的身体极易变湿,由此可推断,前半句的含义是企鹅宝宝的羽毛无法阻挡水进入它们的身体。
3. B 段落大意题。根据"The crisis of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem."可知,帝企鹅面临的危机不只是单一物种的消亡,更是对整个南极生态系统的警示。选项 B 精准概括了段落主旨。
4. D 细节理解题。根据"For us common people, we can take the bus or the underground instead of driving cars, and tell others about the emperor penguin crisis."可知,普通人可通过向更多人分享帝企鹅的困境,助力拯救它们。
5. D 标题归纳题。文章整体围绕帝企鹅因全球变暖面临生存威胁的困境,以及拯救措施展开,强调它们为生存而战。选项 D"帝企鹅:为生存而战"为最佳标题。
解析：
【分析】
解这篇阅读理解时，首先可以先通读全文，明确文章核心围绕帝企鹅的生存现状、面临的危机以及对应的保护措施展开，再根据不同题型的特点逐一解题：1. 细节理解题直接将每个选项带回原文定位，比对原文内容排除表述错误的选项；2. 词义猜测题结合划线句的后文逻辑反推含义，后文提到企鹅宝宝身体很容易变湿，就能反向推出划线句的表意；3. 段落大意题优先找段落的总起中心句，第三段开头第一句就直接点明了段落核心；4. 细节题直接定位最后一段关于普通人保护措施的内容筛选答案；5. 标题归纳题梳理全文核心主体，排除偏离核心、过于宽泛的干扰选项，选出最贴合全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：
选项A：根据第二段“Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies.”可知帝企鹅需要海冰繁育和抚育后代，依赖寒冷海冰生存，表述正确。
选项B：原文说明在陆地筑巢的是其他企鹅，并非帝企鹅，表述错误。
选项C：原文第一段提到是帝企鹅爸爸在脚上孵蛋，妈妈外出觅食，并非母企鹅照看蛋，表述错误。
选项D：原文第一段说明帝企鹅最重可达45公斤，且是黑白配色，并非超过45公斤、色彩艳丽，表述错误。 因此选A。
2. 推理判断题：划线句后文提到“so their bodies can easily get wet”（所以它们的身体很容易变湿），可以反推企鹅宝宝的羽毛还不具备防水能力，无法把水阻挡在身体外，对应选项A的含义，其余选项的“不能吸水”“不能存水”“不能产水”都不符合上下文逻辑，因此选A。
3. 段落大意题：第三段的总起中心句为“The crisis of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem.”，整段内容都围绕帝企鹅的危机是对整个南极生态系统的警示展开，选项B精准概括段落主旨；A只是段落中的细节内容，C属于第二段的内容，D属于无中生有的表述，因此选B。
4. 细节理解题：根据最后一段“For us common people, we can take the bus or the underground instead of driving cars, and tell others about the emperor penguin crisis.”可知普通人可以将帝企鹅的危机告知更多人，对应选项D；A选项文中未提及，B选项是政府需要做的事，C选项和原文“少开车多乘坐公共交通”的表述完全相反，因此选D。
5. 标题归纳题：全文核心围绕帝企鹅受全球变暖威胁、面临生存危机，以及各方采取措施帮助它们存续的内容展开，核心主体是帝企鹅的生存抗争，选项D“Emperor Penguins: Fighting to Survive”完全贴合全文内容；A偏离核心主体，文章并非重点讲南极气候变化；B表述过于宽泛，文章没有覆盖所有南极动物的保护方法；C只是文中提到的次要细节，并非文章核心，因此选D。
【答案】
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D
【知识点】
细节信息定位，词义猜测推理，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于环保主题的说明文阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读常见的全部题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息、比对判断的基础阅读能力，也锻炼学生结合上下文逻辑推理、概括段落和全文主旨的综合能力，同时渗透了生态保护的相关理念，符合中学英语阅读的素养考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.75
解这篇阅读理解时，首先可以先通读全文，明确文章核心围绕帝企鹅的生存现状、面临的危机以及对应的保护措施展开，再根据不同题型的特点逐一解题：1. 细节理解题直接将每个选项带回原文定位，比对原文内容排除表述错误的选项；2. 词义猜测题结合划线句的后文逻辑反推含义，后文提到企鹅宝宝身体很容易变湿，就能反向推出划线句的表意；3. 段落大意题优先找段落的总起中心句，第三段开头第一句就直接点明了段落核心；4. 细节题直接定位最后一段关于普通人保护措施的内容筛选答案；5. 标题归纳题梳理全文核心主体，排除偏离核心、过于宽泛的干扰选项，选出最贴合全文主旨的答案。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：
选项A：根据第二段“Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies.”可知帝企鹅需要海冰繁育和抚育后代，依赖寒冷海冰生存，表述正确。
选项B：原文说明在陆地筑巢的是其他企鹅，并非帝企鹅，表述错误。
选项C：原文第一段提到是帝企鹅爸爸在脚上孵蛋，妈妈外出觅食，并非母企鹅照看蛋，表述错误。
选项D：原文第一段说明帝企鹅最重可达45公斤，且是黑白配色，并非超过45公斤、色彩艳丽，表述错误。 因此选A。
2. 推理判断题：划线句后文提到“so their bodies can easily get wet”（所以它们的身体很容易变湿），可以反推企鹅宝宝的羽毛还不具备防水能力，无法把水阻挡在身体外，对应选项A的含义，其余选项的“不能吸水”“不能存水”“不能产水”都不符合上下文逻辑，因此选A。
3. 段落大意题：第三段的总起中心句为“The crisis of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem.”，整段内容都围绕帝企鹅的危机是对整个南极生态系统的警示展开，选项B精准概括段落主旨；A只是段落中的细节内容，C属于第二段的内容，D属于无中生有的表述，因此选B。
4. 细节理解题：根据最后一段“For us common people, we can take the bus or the underground instead of driving cars, and tell others about the emperor penguin crisis.”可知普通人可以将帝企鹅的危机告知更多人，对应选项D；A选项文中未提及，B选项是政府需要做的事，C选项和原文“少开车多乘坐公共交通”的表述完全相反，因此选D。
5. 标题归纳题：全文核心围绕帝企鹅受全球变暖威胁、面临生存危机，以及各方采取措施帮助它们存续的内容展开，核心主体是帝企鹅的生存抗争，选项D“Emperor Penguins: Fighting to Survive”完全贴合全文内容；A偏离核心主体，文章并非重点讲南极气候变化；B表述过于宽泛，文章没有覆盖所有南极动物的保护方法；C只是文中提到的次要细节，并非文章核心，因此选D。
【答案】
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. D
【知识点】
细节信息定位，词义猜测推理，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
本题属于环保主题的说明文阅读，考点覆盖了初中英语阅读常见的全部题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息、比对判断的基础阅读能力，也锻炼学生结合上下文逻辑推理、概括段落和全文主旨的综合能力，同时渗透了生态保护的相关理念，符合中学英语阅读的素养考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.75