一、将下列词组翻译成英语
1. 雷一样的一声巨响
2. 尽某人最大努力去做
3. 四处奔逃
4. 雨点般落下
5. 自言自语
6. 扑灭这场火
1. 雷一样的一声巨响
a loud noise like thunder
2. 尽某人最大努力去做
try one's best to do
3. 四处奔逃
run in all directions
4. 雨点般落下
rain down
5. 自言自语
say to oneself
6. 扑灭这场火
put out the fire
答案：1. a loud noise like thunder
2. try one's best to do
3. run in all directions
4. rain down
5. say to oneself
6. put out the fire
2. try one's best to do
3. run in all directions
4. rain down
5. say to oneself
6. put out the fire
解析：
【分析】本题为英语词组汉译英题型，需结合英语常用固定短语和搭配进行翻译，确保译文符合英语表达习惯，避免中式英语，需逐个对应中文词组回忆对应的标准英语短语。
【解析】1. “雷一样的一声巨响”对应英语常用表达a loud noise like thunder；2. “尽某人最大努力去做”是固定搭配try one's best to do；3. “四处奔逃”译为run in all directions；4. “雨点般落下”对应短语rain down；5. “自言自语”译为say to oneself；6. “扑灭这场火”中“扑灭”为put out，故译为put out the fire。
【答案】1. a loud noise like thunder
2. try one's best to do
3. run in all directions
4. rain down
5. say to oneself
6. put out the fire
【知识点】英语词组翻译、常用固定搭配
【点评】本题考查基础英语词组的汉译英，均为常用固定短语，难度较低，学生掌握常见英语固定搭配即可作答。
【难度系数】0.4
【解析】1. “雷一样的一声巨响”对应英语常用表达a loud noise like thunder；2. “尽某人最大努力去做”是固定搭配try one's best to do；3. “四处奔逃”译为run in all directions；4. “雨点般落下”对应短语rain down；5. “自言自语”译为say to oneself；6. “扑灭这场火”中“扑灭”为put out，故译为put out the fire。
【答案】1. a loud noise like thunder
2. try one's best to do
3. run in all directions
4. rain down
5. say to oneself
6. put out the fire
【知识点】英语词组翻译、常用固定搭配
【点评】本题考查基础英语词组的汉译英，均为常用固定短语，难度较低，学生掌握常见英语固定搭配即可作答。
【难度系数】0.4
二、根据汉语意思和英语提示完成句子
1. 人们惊恐地大叫。(in fear)
2. 我的脑海中掠过一阵恐惧。(go through)
3. 我告诉自己要镇定下来，因为我还活着。(calm down)
4. 起初，除了大自然的声音之外，我周围一片寂静。(except the sounds of ...)
5. 当我开始闻到烟味的时候，我正在遛狗。(start to ...)
1. 人们惊恐地大叫。(in fear)
People shouted in fear.
2. 我的脑海中掠过一阵恐惧。(go through)
A moment of fear went through my mind.
3. 我告诉自己要镇定下来，因为我还活着。(calm down)
I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.
4. 起初，除了大自然的声音之外，我周围一片寂静。(except the sounds of ...)
It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.
5. 当我开始闻到烟味的时候，我正在遛狗。(start to ...)
I was walking my dog when I started to smell smoke.
答案：1. People shouted in fear.
2. A moment of fear went through my mind.
3. I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.
4. It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.
5. I was walking my dog when I started to smell smoke.
2. A moment of fear went through my mind.
3. I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.
4. It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.
5. I was walking my dog when I started to smell smoke.
解析：
【分析】
解答此类根据汉语意思及提示短语完成句子的题目，需先判断句子时态（本题多为一般过去时或过去进行时），确定句子主语，再结合给出的英语提示短语，按照英语“主+谓+宾/状”等基本结构组合，同时注意短语的正确搭配和语序符合英语表达习惯。例如第1题，主语“人们”对应People，“大叫”用过去式shouted，提示短语in fear作状语；第2题，“一阵恐惧”是A moment of fear，提示短语go through搭配宾语my mind，用过去式went through；第3题，“告诉自己镇定”是told myself to calm down，原因状语用since引导的从句；第4题，“起初”对应at first，“除了大自然的声音”用except the sounds of nature，“我周围一片寂静”用It作形式主语表状态；第5题，“正在遛狗”用过去进行时was walking my dog，“当…时”用when引导时间状语从句。
【解析】
1. 确定主语People，谓语用过去式shouted，结合提示短语in fear作状语，组成句子：People shouted in fear.
2. 主语为A moment of fear，谓语用过去式短语went through，宾语为my mind，组成句子：A moment of fear went through my mind.
3. 主语I，谓语told，宾语myself，搭配短语calm down，原因状语从句用since引导，组成句子：I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.
4. 主语用It表状态，谓语was silent，时间状语at first，结合提示短语except the sounds of nature，组成句子：It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.
5. 主句用过去进行时（was walking my dog），when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，结合提示短语start to smell smoke，组成句子：I was walking my dog when I started to smell smoke.
【答案】
1. People shouted in fear.
2. A moment of fear went through my mind.
3. I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.
4. It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.
5. I was walking my dog when I started to smell smoke.
【知识点】
一般过去时、过去进行时、固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础英语句型的运用，核心是掌握给定短语的正确搭配及常用时态的用法，需注意英语句子结构与汉语的差异，整体难度不大，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.5
解答此类根据汉语意思及提示短语完成句子的题目，需先判断句子时态（本题多为一般过去时或过去进行时），确定句子主语，再结合给出的英语提示短语，按照英语“主+谓+宾/状”等基本结构组合，同时注意短语的正确搭配和语序符合英语表达习惯。例如第1题，主语“人们”对应People，“大叫”用过去式shouted，提示短语in fear作状语；第2题，“一阵恐惧”是A moment of fear，提示短语go through搭配宾语my mind，用过去式went through；第3题，“告诉自己镇定”是told myself to calm down，原因状语用since引导的从句；第4题，“起初”对应at first，“除了大自然的声音”用except the sounds of nature，“我周围一片寂静”用It作形式主语表状态；第5题，“正在遛狗”用过去进行时was walking my dog，“当…时”用when引导时间状语从句。
【解析】
1. 确定主语People，谓语用过去式shouted，结合提示短语in fear作状语，组成句子：People shouted in fear.
2. 主语为A moment of fear，谓语用过去式短语went through，宾语为my mind，组成句子：A moment of fear went through my mind.
3. 主语I，谓语told，宾语myself，搭配短语calm down，原因状语从句用since引导，组成句子：I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.
4. 主语用It表状态，谓语was silent，时间状语at first，结合提示短语except the sounds of nature，组成句子：It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.
5. 主句用过去进行时（was walking my dog），when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，结合提示短语start to smell smoke，组成句子：I was walking my dog when I started to smell smoke.
【答案】
1. People shouted in fear.
2. A moment of fear went through my mind.
3. I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.
4. It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.
5. I was walking my dog when I started to smell smoke.
【知识点】
一般过去时、过去进行时、固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础英语句型的运用，核心是掌握给定短语的正确搭配及常用时态的用法，需注意英语句子结构与汉语的差异，整体难度不大，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.5
三、词汇运用
The night was dark when the sudden thunder made the whole house
When the firemen came later, Lily explained what happened in a confident
1.
5.
The night was dark when the sudden thunder made the whole house
shake
1 (摇动). Lily smelled something strange. “Is that ... smoke
2 (烟)?” she said to herself
3 (she). Running to the living room, she saw the old lamp’s wire (电线) (was) burning
4 (burn)! “Calm down
5,” she thought, though her legs felt weak
6 (虚弱的). Taking the fire blanket, she tried to put
7 out the fire. It worked! “We need to leave!” She pulled her little brother outside at once.When the firemen came later, Lily explained what happened in a confident
voice
8 and received praise for her quick actions.1.
shake
2. smoke
3. herself
4. (was) burning
5.
down
6. weak
7. put
8. voice
答案：1. shake 2. smoke 3. herself
4. (was) burning 5. down 6. weak
7. put 8. voice
4. (was) burning 5. down 6. weak
7. put 8. voice
解析：
【分析】
本题为英语词汇运用题，需结合语境、固定搭配及语法规则填写正确形式的单词。解题思路：1. 依据make的固定结构“make sth do sth”确定动词形式；2. 直接对应中文含义填写名词；3. 结合固定短语“say to oneself”选用反身代词；4. 依据see的用法“see sth doing sth”确定现在分词形式；5. 结合固定短语“calm down”填写介词；6. 需形容词作表语对应中文含义；7. 结合固定短语“put out”及try to的用法确定动词；8. 结合固定搭配“in a...voice”填写名词。
【解析】
1. 固定结构make sth do sth要求用动词原形，“摇动”的动词原形为shake；
2. “烟”对应的名词为smoke；
3. 固定短语say to oneself表示“自言自语”，主语为she，反身代词用herself；
4. see sth doing sth表示“看到某物正在做某事”，“burn”的现在分词为burning；
5. 固定短语calm down意为“冷静”，故填down；
6. 此处需形容词作表语，“虚弱的”对应weak；
7. 固定短语put out意为“扑灭”，try to后接动词原形，故填put；
8. 固定搭配in a confident voice意为“用自信的声音”，故填voice。
【答案】1. shake 2. smoke 3. herself 4. (was) burning 5. down 6. weak 7. put 8. voice
【知识点】固定搭配、非谓语动词、反身代词
【点评】本题侧重考查基础词汇和常用固定搭配，结合语境与语法规则即可解答，难度适中，适合学生巩固基础知识点。
【难度系数】0.6
本题为英语词汇运用题，需结合语境、固定搭配及语法规则填写正确形式的单词。解题思路：1. 依据make的固定结构“make sth do sth”确定动词形式；2. 直接对应中文含义填写名词；3. 结合固定短语“say to oneself”选用反身代词；4. 依据see的用法“see sth doing sth”确定现在分词形式；5. 结合固定短语“calm down”填写介词；6. 需形容词作表语对应中文含义；7. 结合固定短语“put out”及try to的用法确定动词；8. 结合固定搭配“in a...voice”填写名词。
【解析】
1. 固定结构make sth do sth要求用动词原形，“摇动”的动词原形为shake；
2. “烟”对应的名词为smoke；
3. 固定短语say to oneself表示“自言自语”，主语为she，反身代词用herself；
4. see sth doing sth表示“看到某物正在做某事”，“burn”的现在分词为burning；
5. 固定短语calm down意为“冷静”，故填down；
6. 此处需形容词作表语，“虚弱的”对应weak；
7. 固定短语put out意为“扑灭”，try to后接动词原形，故填put；
8. 固定搭配in a confident voice意为“用自信的声音”，故填voice。
【答案】1. shake 2. smoke 3. herself 4. (was) burning 5. down 6. weak 7. put 8. voice
【知识点】固定搭配、非谓语动词、反身代词
【点评】本题侧重考查基础词汇和常用固定搭配，结合语境与语法规则即可解答，难度适中，适合学生巩固基础知识点。
【难度系数】0.6
四、阅读理解
No matter where you live, natural disasters may happen in your area from time to time. They bring many serious problems to people in disaster areas. People become ill and homeless and some of them even die. Japan is located in East Asia. It has many islands. Lots of rain falls in Japan each year, especially in summer. There is a rainy season in early summer, and typhoons hit parts of the country every year during late summer.
The heavy rain usually destroys the crops and plants. What’s worse, the rain sometimes causes huge floods. Floods in Japan can take away many things, including people’s lives. The loss of housing is a difficult problem all over the world. While engineers are trying to find solutions, few ways are useful.
A Japanese housing developer recently invented a flood-resistant (抗洪的) house. It can remain waterproof (防水的) during floods. The new house was recently on a popular Japanese TV show and received much attention online. According to engineers, most houses flood when water reaches the windows. But the flood-resistant house can float up to five metres above the ground, so water will not reach the windows.
(
A. Typhoons hit parts of Japan in early summer.
B. The floods mainly happen in Japan in autumn.
C. Japan has only one island for historical reasons.
D. The heavy rain causes floods in Japan in summer.
(
A. To protect people from earthquakes.
B. To reduce the loss of housing in floods.
C. To keep people away from the ocean.
D. To protect people from typhoons.
(
A. It is much cheaper than ordinary houses.
B. It is one of the most popular houses online.
C. It can prevent water from reaching the windows.
D. It can produce clean water during floods.
No matter where you live, natural disasters may happen in your area from time to time. They bring many serious problems to people in disaster areas. People become ill and homeless and some of them even die. Japan is located in East Asia. It has many islands. Lots of rain falls in Japan each year, especially in summer. There is a rainy season in early summer, and typhoons hit parts of the country every year during late summer.
The heavy rain usually destroys the crops and plants. What’s worse, the rain sometimes causes huge floods. Floods in Japan can take away many things, including people’s lives. The loss of housing is a difficult problem all over the world. While engineers are trying to find solutions, few ways are useful.
A Japanese housing developer recently invented a flood-resistant (抗洪的) house. It can remain waterproof (防水的) during floods. The new house was recently on a popular Japanese TV show and received much attention online. According to engineers, most houses flood when water reaches the windows. But the flood-resistant house can float up to five metres above the ground, so water will not reach the windows.
(
D
) 1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Typhoons hit parts of Japan in early summer.
B. The floods mainly happen in Japan in autumn.
C. Japan has only one island for historical reasons.
D. The heavy rain causes floods in Japan in summer.
(
B
) 2. Why did a Japanese housing developer invent a flood-resistant house?A. To protect people from earthquakes.
B. To reduce the loss of housing in floods.
C. To keep people away from the ocean.
D. To protect people from typhoons.
(
C
) 3. What is special about the flood-resistant house?A. It is much cheaper than ordinary houses.
B. It is one of the most popular houses online.
C. It can prevent water from reaching the windows.
D. It can produce clean water during floods.
答案：1.D 2.B 3.C
解析：
【分析】
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先通读原文把握主旨，再针对每道题的选项，回到原文定位对应信息，逐一比对排除错误选项，确定正确答案。具体来说，第1题需定位日本灾害的时间、原因相关内容；第2题需定位发明抗洪房屋的目的；第3题需定位抗洪房屋的特殊之处，通过原文细节匹配选项得出答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：原文第一段提到日本初夏有雨季、夏末有台风，每年多雨；第二段指出大雨有时引发洪水。A选项台风发生时间为夏末而非初夏，错误；B选项洪水主要发生在夏末而非秋天，错误；C选项日本有众多岛屿，并非只有一个，错误；D选项大雨在日本引发洪水，符合原文，正确。
2. 第2题：原文第二段提到洪水导致房屋损失是难题，第三段提到开发商发明抗洪房屋，可知目的是减少洪水带来的房屋损失，对应B选项；A选项涉及地震、C选项涉及远离海洋、D选项涉及台风，均与原文不符，错误。
3. 第3题：原文第三段明确说明抗洪房屋能浮到离地面5米，水不会到达窗户，这是其特殊之处，对应C选项；A选项未提及价格、B选项是受关注而非最受欢迎、D选项未提及产净水，均错误。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解，细节理解，推理判断
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，聚焦日本抗洪房屋相关内容，主要考查学生提取原文细节信息、理解文章逻辑的能力，题目以细节比对为主，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
做这类英语阅读理解题，需先通读原文把握主旨，再针对每道题的选项，回到原文定位对应信息，逐一比对排除错误选项，确定正确答案。具体来说，第1题需定位日本灾害的时间、原因相关内容；第2题需定位发明抗洪房屋的目的；第3题需定位抗洪房屋的特殊之处，通过原文细节匹配选项得出答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：原文第一段提到日本初夏有雨季、夏末有台风，每年多雨；第二段指出大雨有时引发洪水。A选项台风发生时间为夏末而非初夏，错误；B选项洪水主要发生在夏末而非秋天，错误；C选项日本有众多岛屿，并非只有一个，错误；D选项大雨在日本引发洪水，符合原文，正确。
2. 第2题：原文第二段提到洪水导致房屋损失是难题，第三段提到开发商发明抗洪房屋，可知目的是减少洪水带来的房屋损失，对应B选项；A选项涉及地震、C选项涉及远离海洋、D选项涉及台风，均与原文不符，错误。
3. 第3题：原文第三段明确说明抗洪房屋能浮到离地面5米，水不会到达窗户，这是其特殊之处，对应C选项；A选项未提及价格、B选项是受关注而非最受欢迎、D选项未提及产净水，均错误。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C
【知识点】
阅读理解，细节理解，推理判断
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，聚焦日本抗洪房屋相关内容，主要考查学生提取原文细节信息、理解文章逻辑的能力，题目以细节比对为主，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6